How Does Ion Exchange Column Work?

When the operation is carried out for a certain period of time, the resin bed will be divided into a saturated resin zone, a mass transfer zone, and a fresh resin zone. As the run time increases, the mass transfer zone gradually decreases until the bottom of the bed is penetrated by the mass transfer zone and the entire resin layer fails.

For one application, the fixed bed system is usually operated in single column or two columns in series, plus a column for regeneration.